Research

Cognitive clarity

Focus, attention, and memory

5 briefs · 14 sources read and checked

Which memory techniques actually work?The method of loci genuinely improves recall of the lists it is used on, at around d = 0.42 for immediate serial recall against ordinary rehearsal. The evidence quality is poor: nearly nine in ten studies of young adults carried a high risk of bias, publication bias was strong, and the overall rating was very low. It makes you better at memorising, and it does not make your memory generally better.

Strength of evidence

evidence-informed

2 sources checked
What actually causes brain fog?Brain fog is a description of symptoms, and not a condition with a single cause. The clearest research associations are with mood, gastrointestinal symptoms, and prior COVID infection, with reinfection worsening it. Sleep correlates with it while dropping out of the statistical model. The practical consequence is that it is usually a signal pointing at something else, which is where the fix lives.

Strength of evidence

emerging

1 source checked
Does brown noise help you focus?Moderate background noise improves sustained attention for some people and measurably impairs working memory for others, so the honest answer depends on the task and on the person. Almost all of this research tested white noise. Brown noise itself has barely been studied, and no trial supports the idea that one colour of noise is better than another.

Strength of evidence

emerging

3 sources checked
What do the studies actually show about binaural beats?Listening to binaural beats appears to shift anxiety and some cognitive measures, with the best pooled estimate landing at a medium effect. The mechanism usually offered for it, that the beats pull your brainwaves into step, holds up poorly under review. Most trials are small and vary so widely in method that pooling them is difficult.

Strength of evidence

emerging

4 sources checked
Which brain health supplements have real evidence behind them?Two hold up modestly. A daily multivitamin produced a small memory and cognition benefit across more than 5,000 people, and creatine shows a small effect on memory. Two of the most popular have been properly tested and failed: omega-3 produced no cognitive benefit in a 4,218 person trial, and ginkgo produced none across 3,069 people followed for six years.

Strength of evidence

evidence-informed

4 sources checked

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